ABSTRACT
Background: Since Coronavirus (COVID-19) is increasing its influence from China and spreading its reservoir to neighboring areas and other nations, expanded national and foreign efforts are being made to control this epidemic. Method(s): This review incorporated the information depicting the effect of COVID-19 on different industrial sectors. Result(s): According to the World Health Organization, the outbreak was first identified in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019 and has affected more than 17660523 people (confirmed cases) worldwide, and more than 680894 people have died. In addition to its alarming impact on human health, the novel strain of COVID-19 has dramatically slowed down not just the Chinese economy but also the world economy. The increased uncertainty has led to financial market volatility. Conclusion(s): Some firm decisions and policies must be framed out to stabilize the world economy so that threatening socio-economic impact cannot be sustained for a longer period of time for the welfare of humankind.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
ABSTRACT
Asthma, COPD, COVID-19, EGPA, Lung cancer, and Pneumonia are major chronic respiratory diseases (or CRDs) affecting millions worldwide and account for substantial morbidity and mortality. These CRDs are irreversible diseases that affect different parts of the respiratory system, imposing a considerable burden on different socioeconomic classes. All these CRDs have been linked to increased eosinophils in the lungs. Eosinophils are essential immune mediators that contribute to tissue homeostasis and the pathophysiology of various diseases. Interestingly, elevated eosinophil level is associated with cellular processes that regulate airway hyperresponsiveness, airway remodeling, mucus hypersecretion, and inflammation in the lung. Therefore, eosinophil is considered the therapeutic target in eosinophil-mediated lung diseases. Although, conventional medicines like antibiotics, antiinflammatory drugs, and bronchodilators are available to prevent CRDs. But the development of resistance to these therapeutic agents after long-term usage remains a challenge. However, progressive development in nanotechnology has unveiled the targeted nanocarrier approach that can significantly improve the pharmacokinetics of a therapeutic drug. The potential of the nanocarrier system can be specifically targeted on eosinophils and their associated components to obtain promising results in the pharmacotherapy of CRDs. This review intends to provide knowledge about eosinophils and their role in CRDs. Moreover, it also discusses nanocarrier drug delivery systems for the targeted treatment of CRDs.